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Your task: Explain the function of buffer in human.
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A buffer solution consists of a mixture of a week acid and its conjugate base. Buffer solution tends to resist a change in pH on addition of moderate amounts of strong acid or base. In human body they are buffers that function to control our body in normal condition. The body contains a variety of substances that can act as buffers in the physiologic pH range. These include bicarbonate, phosphate, and proteins in the blood, the interstitial fluid, and inside cells. One way to express the ability of a substance to act as a buffer is its buffer value. The buffer value of a solution is the amount of hydrogen ions in milliequivalents per liter that can be added to or removed from the solution with a resultant change of one pH unit. Another way is to determine the substance's titration curve. The pK of the acid is another important consideration. The main buffers of the blood are bicarbonate, phosphate, and proteins. Other than blood that function as buffer system in the human body, lung and kidneys also refers as buffer system in the body. The respiratory system is able to alter excretions of H+ and CO2 for example when there is metabolic acidosis the respiratory center in the brain is stimulated and this leads to increase in pulmonary ventilation so more of CO2 (acid) is moved out of the body and on alkalosis there is shallower breathing the kidneys during acidosis secretes more H+ and less HCO3- is filtered through the kidneys than normal because more of it is used in buffering the excess H+ in the ECF and the opposite happens during alkalosis. The endocrine system is also a buffer that regulate hormones in the human body.
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A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. It will help to maintain a relatively constant hydrogen ion concentration.
ReplyDeleteThere are 4 major type of buffer in human body :
1. Bicarbonate buffer ( CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- ) in blood plasma
2. Hemoglobin (Hb-H Hb- + H+ ) in interior of red blood cells
3. Phosphate buffer ( H2PO4- H+ + HPO42- most important in urine
4. Protein (Pr-H Pr- + H+) in intracellular fluid
The kidneys and the lungs work together to help maintain a blood pH of 7.4 by affecting the components of the buffers in the blood. The functions of bicarbonate buffer in blood plasma are it is one of the major buffering systems used to maintain the pH of mammalian blood. Besides that, it is used in the formation of acid in the lumen on the stomach. It is also used to neutralize the pH of the chyme leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine.
The effect of missing buffer in human body are buffer solutions are important in the body because if the buffers did not buff, then your pH would not remain stable and it could cause problems in the body, making bloods pH either to acidic or basic. The lymphatic system is another buffer system, the function of which is to “clean house” and remove acid deposits and other toxins from the tissues. The lymphatic fluid is literally pumped by the movement of our muscles. If a person leads a sedentary lifestyle, the lymphatic system cannot do its job and acid deposits continue to build up in the tissues. Even if the lymphatic system can do its job, the residue it cleans up is sent back to the blood and the cycle continues. The blood must use more salts to neutralize the acids, and so on.
Over time, the body can become increasingly unbalanced as acid continues to build up in the tissues. Initial signs can be rashes, allergies, inflammation, colds, flu, etc. On the cellular level, the cells are beginning to suffer from lack of oxygen, are being poisoned and begin to die. If the process continues, eventually chronic degenerative disease, and then death, will occur.
In conclusion, bicarbonate buffer system play role in maintaining blood pH of mammalian blood. It is used in the formation of acid in the lumen on the stomach and is used to neutralize the pH of the chyme leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine. This reminds us about people who having gastric disease as their body gastrin hormone produce more than normal people do.
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ReplyDeleteINTRODUCTION
ReplyDeleteBuffers are substances that help to prevent any solution from undergoing a change in pH when an acid or alkali is added. A buffer solution may be acidic or basic. Buffers such as acetic, carbonic, citric, or lactic acid, are added to foods to function as acidity regulators. In human body, the buffers that can be found are bicarbonate, phosphate, and also the protein. In chemistry, an acidic buffer solution which the pH is less than 7 is made by mixing a weak acid with its salt. A basic buffer solution which the pH is greater than 7 is made by mixing a weak base with its salt.
THE FUNCTION OF BUFFER
Buffers are important in human body because they help to maintain our body system and make sure the body system is in best condition. For an example, haemoglobin acts as a pH buffer in the blood. During exercise, haemoglobin helps to control the pH of the blood by binding some of the excess protons that are generated in the muscles. In the same time, oxygen is released for the muscles. The lungs and kidneys also act an important buffer in human. When human undergoes an exercise, pH is lowered. They can respond to the pH changes by removing CO2, HCO3-, and H+ from the blood. Bicarbonate is another major buffer in our body. It is secreted by the stomach, and it is necessary for digestion. When it is ingested, for example with mineral water, it helps to buffer lactic acid produced during exercise and also reduces the acidity of dietary components.
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Buffer is defined as a substance that consist of a weak acid and conjugate base form in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extreneous acids or bases are added to the solution. There are three requirements for buffer. The first one is the buffer must be a mixture of weak acid and its salt or weak base and its salt. Then, a buffer must contain relatively large concentration of acid to react with added base (OH-) and also must contain similar concentration of base reaction with added acid (H+). The acid and base components of the buffer must not consume each other in a neutralization reaction.
ReplyDeleteIf buffer not functioning in our body, we will be in a an abnormal condition. Our kidney and lung cannot maintain the pH of the blood. The blood will be either too acidic or basic. In addition, our metabolic activities in the body will also be irregular.
The funtion of the buffer is to maintain the pH of human blood close to 7.4 which is slightly basic. A person cannot survive for more than a few minutes if the blood pH drops to 7 or rises to 7.8. Under normal circumtances, the buffering capacity of the blood prevents such swings in the pH. Before the urine is excreted it must be buffered because the acidic effects of excessive hydrogen ion in kidney can be harmful to the urinary system. Another function of buffer is to maintain a constant pH in our body because if changes in pH can effect protein structure and cause denaturation of enzymes.
As a conclusion, buffer has many roles in our body. The major function is to maintain all process and metabolism activites. If buffer are missing, our body will be defected.
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Buffer is a solution that resists change in pH when an acid and alkali is added or the solution is dilute. The fragment is the buffer and the object is human. The function of the fragment is, to maintain a relatively constant hydrogen ion concentration. When the fragment is missing, buffer minimized pH changes in cells so that the pH is maintain within a narrow limit. When the blood pH (7.3-7.5) falls even to 7, the individual may fall in a coma and often irreversible state of unconsciousness. By contras, when the blood pH increasing, even 7.8 tetany may occur. If a small amount of strong acid enters a buffer fluid, the weak alkali partner can neutralize the excess hydrogen ion by donating some hydroxide ion to the solution. In the conclusion, the buffer system help control the body’s acid – base balance at level suitable for life. This reminds us about person who has gastric pain. The level of acid in stomach higher than normal. So, he or she should take milk to stabilize the pH in stomach
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Assalamulaikum and gud morning , tis is our answer,
Buffer systems function mainly to regulate the acid or base balance in our body. There are 3 principal classes of buffers in the body - proteins, phosphate buffer system and the bicarbonate buffer system. For example, the kidneys and the lungs work together to help maintain a blood pH of 7.4 by affecting the components of the buffers in the blood. Therefore, to understand how these organs help control the pH of the blood, we must first discuss how buffers work in solution.
Acid-base buffers confer resistance to a change in the pH of a solution when hydrogen ions (protons) or hydroxide ions are added or removed. An acid-base buffer typically consists of a weak acid, and its conjugate base (salt). Buffers work because the concentrations of the weak acid and its salt are large compared to the amount of protons or hydroxide ions added or removed. When protons are added to the solution from an external source, some of the base component of the buffer is converted to the weak-acid component (thus using up most of the protons added) , protons are dissociated from some of the weak-acid molecules of the buffer, converting them to the base of the buffer (and thus replenishing most of the protons removed). However, the change in acid and base concentrations is small relative to the amounts of these species present in solution. Hence, the ratio of acid to base changes only slightly. Thus, the effect on the pH of the solution is small, within certain limitations on the amount of H+ or OH- added or removed.
So as the conclusion the buffer system is mainly to regulate the acid or base balance in our body, if it cannot present or function maybe it can intterup body system example hemotasis.
ASSALAMUALIKUM...DR, COMEL....HERE THE NUMBER ID: D20061027995
ReplyDeleteINTRODUCTION
ReplyDeleteBuffers are substances that help to prevent any solution from undergoing a change in pH when an acid or alkali is added. A buffer solution may be acidic or basic. Buffers such as acetic, carbonic, citric, or lactic acid, are added to foods to function as acidity regulators. In human body, the buffers that can be found are bicarbonate, phosphate, and also the protein. In chemistry, an acidic buffer solution which the pH is less than 7 is made by mixing a weak acid with its salt. A basic buffer solution which the pH is greater than 7 is made by mixing a weak base with its salt.
THE FUNCTION OF BUFFER
Buffers are important in human body because they help to maintain our body system and make sure the body system is in best condition. For an example, haemoglobin acts as a pH buffer in the blood. During exercise, haemoglobin helps to control the pH of the blood by binding some of the excess protons that are generated in the muscles. In the same time, oxygen is released for the muscles. The lungs and kidneys also act an important buffer in human. When human undergoes an exercise, pH is lowered. They can respond to the pH changes by removing CO2, HCO3-, and H+ from the blood. Bicarbonate is another major buffer in our body. It is secreted by the stomach, and it is necessary for digestion. When it is ingested, for example with mineral water, it helps to buffer lactic acid produced during exercise and also reduces the acidity of dietary components.
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ReplyDeleteAssalamualaikum…Dr….Dengan nama Allah yang maha pemurah lagi penyayang……..
From the lab experiment on protein, i was learned some technique to determine protein concentrations. There are two ways to determine concentration protein, that is biuret assay and lowry assay. Our group does has used procedure for lowry assay to determine the concentrations of protein. From the results i found that is no comparison between taken reading lowry reagent 1 and lowry reagent 2. But for the best choosen i feel lowry reagent 2 is the best.
For the absorbance, from our result i found that, the egg gred B shown the higher average level protein which is 1.439 and followed egg gred K= 1.137, A =1.134 and C= 1.033 higher of protein. For the graph shown the is not constant, maybe during our put the sample in the absobance reading the air was entered the absorbance. So the are one factor effect the taken reading. Before we putted the sample, we must slowly shake first to makesure all the sample mix and no bubble come out with sample t
For the conclusion I conclude that, the protein level can be determine by using lowry assay and the I has learned some method and technique to determine the level and concentrations of protein.
The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4. A person is considered to have acidosis when the pH is below this value and to have alkalosis when it rises above pH 7.4. The lower limit at which a person can live is about pH 7.0 and the upper limit is about pH 7.8. To prevent a change in the pH of the body, all body fluids including cytoplasm are buffered. A buffer is a chemical or a combination of chemicals that can absorb either hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions and therefore maintain a relatively constant hydrogen ion concentration.
ReplyDeleteProteins are effective chemical buffers both within cells and within blood. Hemoglobin is the most active protein buffer within blood, and it absorbs excess hydrogen ions when it is not carrying oxygen.
There are two other types of chemical buffers in body fluids--the carbonate and phosphate buffer systems. The phosphate system (NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4) effectively buffers urine and cytoplasm. The carbonate system (a mixture of carbonic acid, H2CO3, and sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) is present in both tissue fluid and blood. The concentration of buffering substances is regulated by the lungs and/or kidneys. For example, when carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs or the bicarbonate ion is excreted by the kidneys, the concentration of the buffering substances can return to their most effective levels.
If the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood remains high, the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata is stimulated and the breathing rate increases. As carbon dioxide is excreted the pH shifts toward normal. This respiratory regulation of the acid-base balance is a physiological type of buffer system that is an important adjunct to the chemical systems discussed.
The kidneys are a powerful mechanism by which the pH may be regulated. The kidneys may form either an acid or alkaline urine, bringing the hydrogen ion concentration back toward normal. When the kidneys form an acid urine, they excrete H+, and when the kidneys form an alkaline urine, they excrete the bicarbonate ion. However, the full effect of the kidneys is not realized for ten to twenty hours.
Notice that the pH of the body is regulated in three ways. Chemical buffers both within cells and within body fluids react immediately to regulate the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentrations. The pulmonary system requires a few minutes to bring about its effects while the kidneys take from ten to twenty hours. The kidneys, however, are the most powerful of the three.
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ReplyDeleteBuffer is the substance that be able to minimize the concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in a solution.It is function to receive or absorb the hydrogen ion when they are excess in Ph range and remove the hydrogen or donate the hydrogen ion to the solution if it depleted.
Buffer have many role to keep Ph in our body constant and safe.
The first function of buffer in our body is in our blood.Blood Ph is closely 7.4. Normally the chemical process that occur in our body will cause the Ph to change.If our blood Ph is 7 or 7.8,we are in harmful condition.Then,The most important way that the pH of the blood is kept relatively constant is by buffers dissolved in the blood. Other organs help enhance the homeostatic function of the buffers. The kidneys help remove excess chemicals from the blood.
Next,here are two other types of chemical buffers in body fluids--the carbonate and phosphate buffer systems. The phosphate system (NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4) effectively buffers urine and cytoplasm. The carbonate system (a mixture of carbonic acid, H2CO3, and sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) is present in both tissue fluid and blood. The concentration of buffering substances is regulated by the lungs and/or kidneys. For example, when carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs or the bicarbonate ion is excreted by the kidneys, the concentration of the buffering substances can return to their most effective levels.
If the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood remains high, the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata is stimulated and the breathing rate increases. As carbon dioxide is excreted the pH shifts toward normal. This respiratory regulation of the acid-base balance is a physiological type of buffer system that is an important adjunct to the chemical systems discussed.
A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of acid or base is added to it.
ReplyDeleteBuffer solutions are necessary to keep the correct pH for enzymes in many organisms to work. Many enzymes work only undre precise conditions; if the pH strays too far out of the margin, the enzymes slow or stop working and can denature, thus permanently disabling its catalytic activity. A buffer or carbonic acid and bicarbonate is present in blood plasma, to maintain pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Our body pH is very important because pH controls the speed of our body's chemical reactions. It does this by controlling the speed of enzymes activity as well as the speed that electricity moves through our body and the small changes in body can make big differences in our body.
For example, when pH goes off, the microbes in the blood can change shape, mutate, become pathogenic, enzymes that are constructive can become destructive, the oxygen delivery to cells suffer. This cuses organs of the body can become compromised such as your brain, heart, and mineral assimilation can get thrown off. Mineral assimilation is affected by pH. Minerals have different pH levels at which they can be assimilated into the body. For instances, iodine, which is high up on the atomic scale, requires near perfect pH for its assimilation into the body. Iodine is one of the most important minerals for proper functioning of the thyroid. If the pH is unbalanced, will have a lot of the thyroid problems. Malfuntioning thyroids have been connected to arthritis, heart attacks, diabetes, cancer, overweight and more.
As a conclusion, buffer system is play important role in body human.
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A buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an alkali are added to it.A buffer solution has to contain things which will remove any hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions that might add to it otherwise the pH will change. Acidic and alkaline buffer solutions achieve this in different ways. Living organisms must regulate the concentrations of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion because of the acid base reactions and other reactions in which these ions participate; hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion functionally alter many biologically important compounds. Relatively small shifts in the pH of virtually any body fluid can have drastic consequences. A drop in the pH of blood from 7.4( normal) to 7.0, for example can lead to a coma, a state of deep unconsciousness. An increase in blood pH TO 7.8 can lead to a tetany, a rigid, uncontrolled contraction of skeletal muscles. Severe or uncorrected acidosis (a decrease in blood pH) or alkalosis (an increase in blood pH) can be lethal. The production of lactic acid by bacteria growing around a tooth can lead to a localized drop in pH, the major cause of tooth decay. Fluoride reduces the risk of cavities by allowing the body to build more acid resistant tooth enamel. Muscles fatigue during strenuous exercise as consequences of lactic acid production and an associated increase in hydrogen ion cocentration. Buffer play a central role in the biological regulation of pH. A buffer is a weak acid: conjugate base pair that when in solution resist major changes in pH. Most body fluids are highly buffered.
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ReplyDeleteA buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an alkali are added to it. It helps to maintain a relatively constant hydrogen ion concentrations which consists of weak acid and conjugate base. Buffer solutions are necessary to keep the correct pH for enzymes in many organisms to work where it resist pH changes when adding stronger acids or bases.
There are three most important buffer in the body : bicarbonate buffer, phosphate buffer and protein buffer. A buffer of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) is present in blood plasma, to maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. The bicarbonate buffer is one of the major buffering systems used to maintain the pH of mammalian blood, used in the formation of acid in the lumen on the stomach and also used to neutralize the pH of the chyme leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine.
In blood plasma, the carbonic acid and hydrogen carbonate ion equilibrium buffers the pH. In this buffer, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is the hydrogen-ion donor (acid) and hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) is the hydrogen-ion acceptor (base).
In blood plasma, the concentration of hydrogen carbonate ion is about twenty times the concentration of carbonic acid. The pH of arterial blood plasma is 7.40. If the pH falls below this normal value, a condition called acidosis is produced. If the pH rises above the normal value, the condition is called alkalosis.
This buffer helps to maintain the pH of the blood so that it will not be too acidic or too basic. The slightest change in pH could have fatal effects.
The condition called respiratory acidosis occurs when blood pH falls as a result of decreased respiration. When respiration is restricted, the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood increases, making the blood too acidic. Such a condition can be produced by asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, or inhaling smoke.
Metabolic acidosis is the decrease in blood pH that results when excessive amounts of acidic substances are released into the blood. This can happen through prolonged physical exertion, by diabetes, or restricted food intake. The normal body response to this condition is increases breathing to reduce the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood. This is the factor on why we breathe heavily while climbing the stairs.
Another example is respiratory alkalosis results from excessive breathing that produces an increase in blood pH. Hyperventilation causes too much dissolved carbon dioxide to be removed from the blood, which decreases the carbonic acid concentration, which raises the blood pH. Often, the body of a hyperventilating person will react by fainting, which slows the breathing.
Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH resulting from the release of alkaline materials into the blood. This can result from the ingestion of alkaline materials, and through overuse of diuretics. Again, the body usually responds to this condition by slowing breathing, possibly through fainting.
The carbonic acid-hydrogen carbonate ion buffer works throughout the body to maintain the pH of blood plasma close to 7.40. The body maintains the buffer by eliminating either the acid (carbonic acid) or the base (hydrogen carbonate ions). Changes in carbonic acid concentration can be effected within seconds through increased or decreased respiration. Changes in hydrogen carbonate ion concentration, however, it require hours through the relatively slow elimination through the kidneys
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ReplyDeleteBuffer is the substance that be able to minimize the concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in a solution.It is function to receive or absorb the hydrogen ion when they are excess in Ph range and remove the hydrogen or donate the hydrogen ion to the solution if it depleted.
Buffer have many role to keep Ph in our body constant and safe.
The first function of buffer in our body is in our blood.Blood Ph is closely 7.4. Normally the chemical process that occur in our body will cause the Ph to change.If our blood Ph is 7 or 7.8,we are in harmful condition.Then,The most important way that the pH of the blood is kept relatively constant is by buffers dissolved in the blood. Other organs help enhance the homeostatic function of the buffers. The kidneys help remove excess chemicals from the blood.
Next,here are two other types of chemical buffers in body fluids--the carbonate and phosphate buffer systems. The phosphate system (NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4) effectively buffers urine and cytoplasm. The carbonate system (a mixture of carbonic acid, H2CO3, and sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) is present in both tissue fluid and blood. The concentration of buffering substances is regulated by the lungs and/or kidneys. For example, when carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs or the bicarbonate ion is excreted by the kidneys, the concentration of the buffering substances can return to their most effective levels.
If the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood remains high, the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata is stimulated and the breathing rate increases. As carbon dioxide is excreted the pH shifts toward normal. This respiratory regulation of the acid-base balance is a physiological type of buffer system that is an important adjunct to the chemical systems discussed.
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With this in mind a good way to avoid upsetting this delicate bio chemical balance would be to take a look at those things that can compromise the maintenance of the ideal body phlevel in your body. And what is the main culprit in this case? The answer is the creation of acid in your body.
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